Pastukhov Ivan S. (IUFS PhD Reading), Patris Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship, Moscow, Russia
Ebo Andre Fransishku, Patris Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship
Abstract. The article considers the construction of a model of improvement of physical education of university students. The levels of physical fitness and volitional self-regulation of students in the dynamics of the academic year are analyzed. The issue of introducing Chinese wrestling shuaijiao into the educational process in the discipline “Physical Education” in the university is also considered.
Keywords: physical education, university students, physical fitness, volitional self-regulation, improvement model, value orientations, Chinese wrestling shuaijiao
The formation of a culture and values of a healthy lifestyle as the basis for sustainable development of society and quality of life of the population is one of the tasks of the state. As part of the priority area of improving health and well-being, as well as raising the standard of living of the population of the Russian Federation through physical education and sport, it is planned to further improve the subject (discipline) of ‘Physical Education’ in the general, secondary vocational and higher education systems.
The aim of this study is to develop a model for improving physical education for students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship.
To achieve this goal, the task was set to determine the level of value attitude of students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples towards physical culture in general and as an academic discipline in particular; to assess the degree of influence of an experimental programme using elements of Chinese shuaijiao wrestling on the level of physical fitness of students and the level of volitional self-regulation of students.
The survey showed that most students perceive physical education only as an academic discipline within the higher education programme (72%). The main motive for attending practical classes is to obtain a satisfactory grade (81%). The majority of respondents (78%) encounter difficulties in their studies. Sixty-seven per cent of students indicated that they did not feel the need for regular physical exercise, and 28% rated their level of physical fitness as ‘high.’ When asked how many hours of physical education should be included in a week of higher education, most respondents (74%) answered two hours. [2]
Analysing the results, we can conclude that the attitude towards physical education among students enrolled in higher education programmes is gradually changing towards obtaining some kind of positive assessment, replacing value orientations towards ‘physical development’ and ‘physical perfection’.
Thus, the survey shows the need for changes in the teaching process of physical education in higher education.
As part of a pedagogical experiment, we developed and implemented a methodology for the comprehensive use of Chinese shuai jiao wrestling techniques in the teaching process of physical education.
The experimental methodology for physical education classes includes sets of physical exercises based on the basic elements of Chinese shuaijiao wrestling, aimed at developing physical qualities and forming motor skills and abilities in students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship. The exercises are distributed according to their difficulty and mastery during the academic year, following the principle from simple to complex.
Compared to the standard physical education programme, the theoretical course of the experimental programme included a section on the origins and development of Chinese shuai jiao wrestling, competition rules, and the impact of this martial art on human performance, physical development, physique, and motor skills.
The exercise complexes were composed of basic elements, self-defence techniques, as well as attacking and defensive actions with hands and feet, which have different focuses and solve tasks related to raising the emotional background of the class, developing willpower, forming a need for regular physical education classes, increasing the physical working capacity of the body, and developing flexibility and agility.
In order to determine the degree of influence of Chinese shuaijiao training on the level of general and specific physical fitness, students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship were given tests of general and specific physical fitness at the beginning and end of the academic year.
| Tests | Groups | Experiment | |
| Beginning | End | ||
| Pull-ups on a high bar | CG | 6,1+0,1 | 6,2+0,1 |
| EG | 6,2 +0,1 | 8,7+0,1 | |
| Standing long jump | CG | 201,4+2,1 | 203,2+3,6 |
| EG | 201,1+3,1 | 219,1+2,2 | |
| 30 m run | CG | 4.9+0,1 | 4,84+0,12 |
| EG | 4,9+0,11 | 4,51+0,17 | |
| 100 m run | CG | 14,96+0,35 | 14,88+0,45 |
| EG | 14,92+0,40 | 13,81+0,38 | |
| 1000 m run | CG | 4,25+0,11 | 4,24+0,13 |
| EG | 4,24+0,14 | 4,23+0,14 | |
| Forward tilt | CG | 7,3+0,7 | 8,9+0,8 |
| EG | 7,2+0,9 | 14,1+0,9 | |
| Shuttle run 3*10 m | CG | 9,21+0,1 | 9,01+0,2 |
| EG | 9,24+0,1 | 8,51+0,1 | |
| Dynamometryright hand | CG | 45+1,7 | 47+1,5 |
| EG | 45+1,4 | 61 +1,0 | |
| Dynamometryleft hand | CG | 37+1,2 | 39+1,4 |
| EG | 38+1,4 | 51+1,2 | |
Table 1. Results of general physical fitness testing
at the beginning and end of the experiment (n=60 in each group)
| Tests | Groups | Experiment | |
| Beginning | End | ||
| Прыжки со скакалкой | CG | 115+1,5 | 117+1,7 |
| EG | 116+1,0 | 128+1,0 | |
| Бёрпи | CG | 14+0,5 | 16+0,3 |
| EG | 15+0,7 | 19+0,5 | |
Table 2. Results of special physical fitness testing of students in the experimental and control groups (n=60 in each group)
Based on the results obtained during the experiment, which characterise physical qualities such as flexibility, speed, coordination, and speed-strength qualities, it can be concluded that the introduction of experimental exercise techniques with elements of Chinese shuaijiao wrestling into the physical education curriculum at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples provides the necessary and favourable conditions for improving the physical fitness of university students.
In addition, during the study using the methodology developed by A.V. Zverkova and E.V. Eidman, the level of volitional self-regulation of students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples was assessed in terms of overall level and qualities such as perseverance and self-control. [1] The questionnaire was administered at the beginning and end of the academic year. The analysis of the results revealed an increase in the indicators of the level of volitional self-regulation of students in the experimental group who participated in the developed methodology using elements of shuaijiao during the academic year, according to the scales of general, persistence and self-control, by 19.9, 27.3 and 18.8% respectively. The indicators of low levels of volitional self-regulation among students in the experimental group decreased on the same scales by 21.6, 28.3 and 22.2%, respectively. The indicators of average levels of volitional self-regulation among students in the experimental group, as well as the indicators of students in the control group on all three scales, changed insignificantly.
The analysis of the results of this study made it possible to develop a model for improving physical education for students at the Patrice Lumumba Russian University of People’s Friendship. The aim of this model is to train specialists who are able to meet the conditions and requirements of the labour market, be in demand, and have good physical, psychological and social health, stress resistance and determination.
The model was developed taking into account the following effectiveness criteria:
– motivational, characterising the level of motivation to maintain and improve one’s health, motivation to engage in physical education and sports;
– value-based, including a value-based attitude towards one’s health, orientation towards a healthy lifestyle;
– behavioural, characterising the need for regular active participation in physical education and sports activities, as well as a willingness to engage in continuous self-development.
The main areas of focus of the model are:
– forming a value-based attitude towards physical education;
– increasing the level of volitional self-regulation;
– developing educational programmes in physical education based on non-traditional systems of physical exercise.
In our opinion, the conditions and mechanisms for implementing this model are:
– acquiring the necessary knowledge in the field of physical education and sport, as well as in the chosen sport, and forming a motivational and value-based attitude towards physical education;
– promoting patriotic education, improving moral and volitional qualities, and forming moral and ethical norms of behaviour;
– introducing Chinese shuaijiao wrestling into the educational process.
References:
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